Jerome David Salinger (born January 1, 1919) is an American author best known for The Catcher in the Rye, a classic coming-of-age novel that has enjoyed enduring popularity since its publication in 1951. A major theme in Salinger's work is the agile and powerful mind of disturbed young men, and the redemptive capacity of children in the lives of such men.Salinger is also known for his reclusive nature because he has not given an interview since 1974, and has not made a public appearance, nor published any new work since 1965. Several years ago there was a flurry of excitement when a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to bring out the first book version of his final published story, "Hapworth 16, 1924" but amid the ensuing publicity, Salinger quickly withdrew from the arrangement.
Life
Salinger was born in Manhattan, New York to a Jewish father and an Irish Catholic mother. (His mother changed her name to Miriam and passed as Jewish when she married; J. D. did not find out that his mother wasn't Jewish until just after his bar mitzvah (M. Salinger, 20)). His father, Solomon, worked for a meat importer. He attended public schools on the West Side, the private McBurney school in ninth and tenth grades, and then was happy to get away from the overprotectiveness of his mother by entering the Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania, (M. Salinger, 31) upon which Pencey Prep in The Catcher in the Rye is based. He started his freshman year at NYU but dropped out in the spring to work on a cruise ship. In the fall he was prevailed upon to learn the meat-importation business so was sent to work at the company in Vienna, where he could also perfect his French and German skills. He left Austria only a month or so before Austria fell to Hitler, on March 12, 1938. In the fall, he attended Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, but for only one semester. Salinger was called "the worst English student in the history of the College" by one of his professors. (citation needed, questionable) Salinger attended a Columbia University evening writing class in 1939. The teacher was Whit Burnett, longtime editor of Story Magazine. During the second semester of the class, he saw some degree of talent in the young author. In the March-April 1940 issue of Story Burnett published Salinger's debut short story, a vignette of several aimless youths entitled "The Young Folks". Burnett and Salinger would correspond for several years after, although a mix-up involving the proposed publication of a short story collection, also entitled The Young Folks, would leave them estranged.
In 1941, he started dating Oona O'Neill, daughter of Eugene O'Neill, writing long daily letters to her. This ended when Oona moved on to Charlie Chaplin.He was drafted in 1942 into the Army during World War II, where he saw combat action with the U.S. 4th Infantry Division in some of the fiercest fighting of the war, including landing on Utah Beach on D-Day, and Battle of the Bulge. During the campaign from Normandy into Germany, he met Ernest Hemingway, war correspondent, in Paris. He was assigned to Counter-Intelligence, in which he interrogated prisoners of war, putting his language skills to use. He was among the first soldiers to enter a liberated concentration camp. He told his daughter later "You never really get the smell of burning flesh out of your nose entirely, no matter how long you live." (M. Salinger 55) His experiences perhaps scarred him emotionally (he was hospitalized for a few weeks for combat stress reaction after Germany was defeated), and it is likely that he drew upon his wartime experiences in several stories, such as "For Esmé with Love and Squalor", which is narrated by a traumatized soldier. He continued to publish stories in magazines such as Collier's and the Saturday Evening Post during and after his war experience. After the defeat of Germany, he signed up for a six month period of duty of "de-Nazification" in Germany. Among those Nazis he arrested was a low-level official, Sylvia, whom he married and brought back to the States. The marriage fell apart after a few months and Sylvia returned to the Fatherland. (In 1972, his daughter Margaret was with her father when he received a letter from Sylvia. He looked at the envelope, torn it up, and discarded it, unread. He said that was the first time he had heard from her since she left, but that "when he was finished with a person, he was through with them." (M. Salinger, 359))
By 1948, with the publication of a critically-acclaimed short story entitled "A Perfect Day for Bananafish", Salinger began to publish almost exclusively in The New Yorker, a magazine he admired greatly. "Bananafish" was one of the most popular stories ever published in the magazine, and he quickly became one of their best-known authors. However, it wasn't his first experience with the magazine; in 1942 Salinger had received his first acceptance from The New Yorker. It was for a story entitled "Slight Rebellion off Madison", which featured a semi-autobiographical character named Holden Caulfield. The story, however, was held from publication until 1946 because of the war. The story was related to several others featuring the Caulfield family, but perspective shifted from older brother Vince to Holden.

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